Clinical Pathology is the branch of pathology that focuses on the laboratory analysis of body fluids and tissues to diagnose diseases. It combines aspects of laboratory medicine, microbiology, hematology, immunology, and biochemistry.
Here’s a clear overview 👇
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Definition
Clinical pathology is the medical specialty that uses laboratory testing of blood, urine, and other body fluids to detect, diagnose, and monitor diseases.
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Main Divisions of Clinical Pathology
- Hematology – Study of blood, bone marrow, and blood-forming organs.
- Example: Complete Blood Count (CBC), anemia tests.
- Clinical Chemistry (Biochemistry) – Analysis of chemical components in the body.
- Example: Blood glucose, liver function tests, kidney function tests.
- Microbiology – Detection of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
- Example: Urine culture, sputum culture.
- Immunology & Serology – Study of immune system and detection of antibodies/antigens.
- Example: HIV test, Widal test, ELISA.
- Urinalysis – Examination of urine for chemical, physical, and microscopic properties.
- Example: Routine urine test for infections or kidney disorders.
- Molecular Diagnostics – Use of DNA/RNA tests to detect genetic or infectious diseases.
- Example: PCR test for COVID-19.
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Role of a Clinical Pathologist
- Interprets laboratory test results.
- Works closely with physicians to confirm diagnoses.
- Ensures quality control in lab testing.
- Oversees blood banking and transfusion services
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Common Clinical Pathology Tests
- Blood Sugar (FBS, PPBS)
- Lipid Profile
- Liver Function Test (LFT)
- Kidney Function Test (KFT)
- Urine Routine Examination
- CBC (Complete Blood Count)
- ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)
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Importance
- Helps in early diagnosis of diseases.
- Monitors treatment progress.
- Detects infections, metabolic, and organ disorders.
Haematology is a branch of pathology that deals with the study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. It helps in diagnosing and monitoring various conditions related to blood and bone marrow.
Here’s a simple overview 👇
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🔬 Definition
Haematology (also spelled Hematology) is the study of blood cells, haemoglobin, blood proteins, and clotting mechanisms. It is a major part of clinical pathology.
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🩸 Main Components Studied
1. Red Blood Cells (RBCs) – Carry oxygen.
2. White Blood Cells (WBCs) – Fight infections.
3. Platelets – Help in blood clotting.
4. Plasma – The liquid part of blood containing proteins and electrolytes.
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