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Pathology is the branch of medical science that studies the cause, nature, and effects of diseases.It helps doctors understand why and how diseases happen by examining:
- Blood
- Tissues
- Body fluids
- Organs
A pathologist is a medical doctor who studies samples in the laboratory to help diagnose illnesses
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🧪 2 What Are Lab Tests?
Laboratory tests (lab tests) are medical investigations that analyze blood, urine, stool, or tissue samples to detect abnormalities in the body.
They help in:
Diagnosing diseases
Monitoring treatment
Checking overall health
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🧍♀️ 3. Common Types of Pathology
🔹 a. Anatomical Pathology
Involves studying tissues and organs (often after biopsy or surgery).
Helps diagnose cancers, infections, and other tissue changes.
🧠 Example: Examining a biopsy to detect breast cancer.
🔹 b. Clinical Pathology
Focuses on lab analysis of body fluids (like blood and urine).
Includes biochemistry, hematology, and microbiology.
💉 Example: Blood sugar test for diabetes, or urine test for infection.
🔹 c. Molecular Pathology
Studies genes and molecules in tissues or fluids.
Used in genetic testing and cancer diagnosis.
🧬 Example: DNA tests to detect inherited disorders.
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⚙️ 4. Common Laboratory Tests
Test Name Sample Type Purpose
CBC (Complete Blood Count) Blood Checks red & white blood cells, platelets
Blood Sugar Test Blood Detects diabetes
Lipid Profile Blood Measures cholesterol & fat levels
Liver Function Test (LFT) Blood Checks liver health
Kidney Function Test (KFT) Blood & Urine Monitors kidney health
Urinalysis Urine Detects infections or kidney problems
Thyroid Test (T3, T4, TSH) Blood Checks thyroid gland function
COVID, Malaria, Dengue Tests Blood or Swab Detects specific infections
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Its helps doctors understand why and how diseases happen by examining: cancer.
🔹
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⚙️ 4. Common Laboratory Tests
Test Name Sample Type Purpose
CBC (Complete Blood Count) Blood Checks red & white blood cells, platelets
Blood Sugar Test Blood Detects diabetes
Lipid Profile Blood Measures cholesterol & fat levels
Liver Function Test (LFT) Blood Checks liver health
Kidney Function Test (KFT) Blood & Urine Monitors kidney health
Urinalysis Urine Detects infections or kidney problems
Thyroid Test (T3, T4, TSH) Blood Checks thyroid gland function
COVID, Malaria, Dengue Tests Blood or Swab Detects specific infections
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🧠 5. Importance of Pathology and Lab Tests
Help in early disease detection
Guide doctors to choose the right treatment
Monitor recovery and medication effectiveness
Prevent diseases through routine health checkups
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👨⚕️ 6. Career Options in Pathology
If you’re interested in this field, you can study:
MBBS → MD in Pathology
B.Sc. in Medical Laboratory Technology (MLT)
Diploma in Medical Lab Technology (DMLT
Career roles include:
Pathologist
Medical Lab Technician
Clinical Biochemist
Microbiologist
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