The human heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing carbon dioxide and waste products.
Here’s how it works:
1. Blood Circulation:
The heart has four chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers). Blood flows in a specific pathway through these chambers.
Oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium, moves to the right ventricle, and is pumped to the lungs for oxygenation.
Oxygen-rich blood returns to the left atrium, moves into the left ventricle, and is then pumped out to the rest of the body.
2. Pumping Action:
The heart contracts and relaxes in a rhythmic cycle, allowing blood to circulate. Each heartbeat consists of two phases:
Systole: Ventricles contract, pushing blood out of the heart.
Diastole: Ventricles relax and refill with blood.
3. Regulation of Blood Flow:
Valves within the heart prevent backflow, ensuring blood moves in the correct direction. These valves open and close with each heartbeat.
4. Electrical Conduction:
The heart has its own electrical system that controls the heartbeat, keeping it regular and synchronized. The sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrium acts as a natural pacemaker, generating electrical signals that travel through the heart, triggering contractions.
Overall, the heart’s function is essential for maintaining the body’s circulatory system, which provides cells with oxygen and nutrients while carrying away waste.
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